See chudy in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "chudoba"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "chudość"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "chudnąć"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "chudzić"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "chudy"
},
{
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"word": "chudy"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*kes-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kes-#Proto-Indo-European:_scrape"
],
[
"*ksew-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ksew-#Proto-Indo-European:_scrape"
],
[
"*k⁽ʷ⁾sewd-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/k⁽ʷ⁾sewd-"
],
[
"*k⁽ʷ⁾sowdós",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/k⁽ʷ⁾sowdós"
],
[
"*ksaudás",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Balto-Slavic/ksaudás"
],
[
"*xȗdъ",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/xudъ"
],
[
"chudý",
"chudý#Old_Czech"
],
[
"*xȗdъ",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/xudъ"
],
[
"chudý",
"chudý#Old_Czech"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "sla-pro:*xȗdъ",
"4": ":sl<senseid:poor>",
"5": "zlw-ocs:chudý",
"etydate": "15th century",
"text": "+",
"tree": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *kes-\nProto-Indo-European *ksew-?\nProto-Indo-European *k⁽ʷ⁾sewd-\nProto-Indo-European *k⁽ʷ⁾sowdós\nProto-Balto-Slavic *ksaudás\nProto-Slavic *xȗdъ\n▲\nOld Czech chudýsl.\nOld Polish chudy\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*ksaudás\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*xȗdъ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"sl.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Semantic loan from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Czech\", \"term\" : \"chudý\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-ocs\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"semantic loan\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"chudy\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" }\" data-lang=\"zlw-opl\" data-title=\"chudy\">\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *xȗdъ. Sense 2 is a semantic loan from Old Czech chudý. First attested in the 15th century.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *kes-\nProto-Indo-European *ksew-?\nProto-Indo-European *k⁽ʷ⁾sewd-\nProto-Indo-European *k⁽ʷ⁾sowdós\nProto-Balto-Slavic *ksaudás\nProto-Slavic *xȗdъ\n▲\nOld Czech chudýsl.\nOld Polish chudy\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *xȗdъ. Sense 2 is a semantic loan from Old Czech chudý. First attested in the 15th century.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "chudy",
"name": "zlw-opl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "chudzenie"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greater Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Masovia Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "87 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "87 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "87 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "90 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
11
]
],
"ref": "1877-1881 [1437], Władysław Wisłocki, editor, Katalog rękopisów Biblioteki Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, number 228, page 88:",
"text": "Barzo chudi macilentus",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"ref": "1877-1881 [1437], Władysław Wisłocki, editor, Katalog rękopisów Biblioteki Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, number 228, page 89:",
"text": "Chudi vber",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"ref": "1874-1891 [XV p. pr.], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności, volume XVI, page 340:",
"text": "Chuda corpora macilenta",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"ref": "1901 [1463-1465], Jan Rozwadowski, editor, De morte prologus [Rozmowa mistrza Polikarpa ze śmiercią], Mierzeniec, Płock, line 29:",
"text": "Chvda, blada, szolthe lycze, lsczy szya yako myethnycza",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"ref": "1901 [1471], Materiały i Prace Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności w Krakowie, volume V, page 13:",
"text": "Chude macilente",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
43,
48
]
],
"ref": "c. 1500, Wokabularz lubiński, Lubiń: inkunabuł Archiwum Archidiecezjalnego w Gnieźnie, sygn. Inc. 78d., page 78r:",
"text": "Macer […] mager tenuis subtilis vel exilis chvdy",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"skinny"
],
"id": "en-chudy-zlw-opl-adj-LnUw8IFS",
"links": [
[
"skinny",
"skinny"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Masovia; Greater Poland; attested in Masovia; Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Masovia, Greater Poland) skinny"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish hapax legomena",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
50,
57
]
],
"ref": "1874-1891 [1435], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności, volume XIX, Przeworsk, page 42:",
"text": "Tyś wszech pragnych swiatla *sprawcze, tyś wszech chudych sczodra *darcze",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"poor"
],
"id": "en-chudy-zlw-opl-adj-zlw_opl:poor",
"links": [
[
"poor",
"poor"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland, hapax legomenon) poor"
],
"senseid": [
"zlw-opl:poor"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/xu(ː)diː/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/xudi/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "chudy"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish adjectives",
"Old Polish entries with etymology texts",
"Old Polish entries with etymology trees",
"Old Polish entries with etymon",
"Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Polish lemmas",
"Old Polish semantic loans from Old Czech",
"Old Polish terms derived from Old Czech",
"Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kes-",
"Old Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ksew-",
"Old Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *k⁽ʷ⁾sewd-",
"Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon"
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "chudoba"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "chudość"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "chudnąć"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "chudzić"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "chudy"
},
{
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"word": "chudy"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*kes-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kes-#Proto-Indo-European:_scrape"
],
[
"*ksew-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ksew-#Proto-Indo-European:_scrape"
],
[
"*k⁽ʷ⁾sewd-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/k⁽ʷ⁾sewd-"
],
[
"*k⁽ʷ⁾sowdós",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/k⁽ʷ⁾sowdós"
],
[
"*ksaudás",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Balto-Slavic/ksaudás"
],
[
"*xȗdъ",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/xudъ"
],
[
"chudý",
"chudý#Old_Czech"
],
[
"*xȗdъ",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/xudъ"
],
[
"chudý",
"chudý#Old_Czech"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "sla-pro:*xȗdъ",
"4": ":sl<senseid:poor>",
"5": "zlw-ocs:chudý",
"etydate": "15th century",
"text": "+",
"tree": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *kes-\nProto-Indo-European *ksew-?\nProto-Indo-European *k⁽ʷ⁾sewd-\nProto-Indo-European *k⁽ʷ⁾sowdós\nProto-Balto-Slavic *ksaudás\nProto-Slavic *xȗdъ\n▲\nOld Czech chudýsl.\nOld Polish chudy\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*ksaudás\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*xȗdъ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"sl.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Semantic loan from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Czech\", \"term\" : \"chudý\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-ocs\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"semantic loan\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"chudy\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" }\" data-lang=\"zlw-opl\" data-title=\"chudy\">\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *xȗdъ. Sense 2 is a semantic loan from Old Czech chudý. First attested in the 15th century.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *kes-\nProto-Indo-European *ksew-?\nProto-Indo-European *k⁽ʷ⁾sewd-\nProto-Indo-European *k⁽ʷ⁾sowdós\nProto-Balto-Slavic *ksaudás\nProto-Slavic *xȗdъ\n▲\nOld Czech chudýsl.\nOld Polish chudy\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *xȗdъ. Sense 2 is a semantic loan from Old Czech chudý. First attested in the 15th century.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "chudy",
"name": "zlw-opl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "chudzenie"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Greater Poland Old Polish",
"Masovia Old Polish",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
11
]
],
"ref": "1877-1881 [1437], Władysław Wisłocki, editor, Katalog rękopisów Biblioteki Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, number 228, page 88:",
"text": "Barzo chudi macilentus",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"ref": "1877-1881 [1437], Władysław Wisłocki, editor, Katalog rękopisów Biblioteki Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, number 228, page 89:",
"text": "Chudi vber",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"ref": "1874-1891 [XV p. pr.], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności, volume XVI, page 340:",
"text": "Chuda corpora macilenta",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"ref": "1901 [1463-1465], Jan Rozwadowski, editor, De morte prologus [Rozmowa mistrza Polikarpa ze śmiercią], Mierzeniec, Płock, line 29:",
"text": "Chvda, blada, szolthe lycze, lsczy szya yako myethnycza",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"ref": "1901 [1471], Materiały i Prace Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności w Krakowie, volume V, page 13:",
"text": "Chude macilente",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
43,
48
]
],
"ref": "c. 1500, Wokabularz lubiński, Lubiń: inkunabuł Archiwum Archidiecezjalnego w Gnieźnie, sygn. Inc. 78d., page 78r:",
"text": "Macer […] mager tenuis subtilis vel exilis chvdy",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"skinny"
],
"links": [
[
"skinny",
"skinny"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Masovia; Greater Poland; attested in Masovia; Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Masovia, Greater Poland) skinny"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"Old Polish hapax legomena",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
50,
57
]
],
"ref": "1874-1891 [1435], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności, volume XIX, Przeworsk, page 42:",
"text": "Tyś wszech pragnych swiatla *sprawcze, tyś wszech chudych sczodra *darcze",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"poor"
],
"links": [
[
"poor",
"poor"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland, hapax legomenon) poor"
],
"senseid": [
"zlw-opl:poor"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/xu(ː)diː/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/xudi/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "chudy"
}
Download raw JSONL data for chudy meaning in Old Polish (6.4kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: attested in Lesser Poland, hapax legomenon",
"path": [
"chudy"
],
"section": "Old Polish",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "chudy",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: attested in Lesser Poland, hapax legomenon",
"path": [
"chudy"
],
"section": "Old Polish",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "chudy",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old Polish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.